Wings AT72 at Makassar on Mar 28th 2014, runway excursion on landing
Last Update: October 10, 2016 / 14:33:25 GMT/Zulu time
Incident Facts
Date of incident
Mar 28, 2014
Classification
Incident
Cause
Runway excursion
Airline
Wings Air
Flight number
IW-1205
Departure
Pomala, Indonesia
Destination
Makassar/Ujung Pandang, Indonesia
Aircraft Registration
PK-WFR
Aircraft Type
ATR ATR-72-200
ICAO Type Designator
AT72
Airport ICAO Code
WAAA
The airport reported the aircraft encountered strong gusting winds while landing on runway 03 and veered to the right of the runway. The occupants disembarked onto soft ground and were taken to the terminal without any injuries, the aircraft was subsequently towed to the apron and is currently undergoing repairs.
On Oct 10th 2016 Indonesia's NTSC released their final report concluding the probable cause of the serious incident was:
The investigation concluded that the incorrect rudder application to compensate the crosswind affect had resulted in the aircraft exiting the runway. This might due to the pilot confusion to the crosswind effect as result of inadequate training.
The NTSC reported the first officer (24, CPL, 881 hours total, 597 hours on type) was pilot flying, the captain (43, ATPL, 7,713 hours total, 2,579 hours on type) was pilot monitoring for the sector.
The crew performed an ILS approach to runway 03, the winds were from the right at 11-15 knots with a slight tail wind component. Considering the experience of the first officer the captain decided to take control during the approach, the first officer assumed the role as pilot monitoring. The aircraft touched down normally within the touch down zone, beta range was engaged on the propellers and the aircraft slowed. At about 70 knots the aircraft veered to the right, the captain attempted to counter act by applying rudder, differential brakes as well as nose wheel steering however to no avail. The aircraft came to a stop about 15 meters off the paved surface of the runway.
The NTSC reported that the crew noticed black and thick cloud to the right of the approach path, while the left side was clear and bright.
The NTSC analysed:
Prior to approach on runway 03, the pilot noticed cumulonimbus clouds on the east side of the airport and decided to avoid the area. During the approach the pilots also noticed black and thick cloud on the right side of the approach path, while on the left side was clear.
There was no report from any pilot related to the weather condition on approach area. The controller notified the pilot of wind which was from 120° up to 23 knots or perpendicular to the landing direction up to 23 knots. The wind indicated on the GNSS was from the right and slightly tail wind with velocity between 11 to 15 knots.
Considering the wind condition and the experience of the SIC, the PIC took over the control. The aircraft touched down normally.
The FDR recorded that after touchdown, left rudder was applied gradually from 3° up to 27° and the aircraft heading was varied between 026° to 031°. The application of left rudder reduced and changed to right rudder up to 26° and the aircraft heading changed from 030° to 074°. The aircraft then run off to the right of the runway.
Prior and during the approach, there were several significant information of cumulonimbus existence which were the visual view of the pilot to the cloud formation and controller information of significant cross wind condition. There was no pilot discussion recorded on the CVR to anticipate this condition. The only action was that the PIC took over control of the aircraft.
After touchdown, the pilot initially applied left rudder and able to manage the aircraft heading on runway bearing. The pilot then applied right rudder and the aircraft turned to the right.
During the interview, the pilots explained their confusion of the effect of the wind. They assumed that the aircraft would have been veered to the left as the effect of right crosswind.
The shape of the vertical stabilizer will have greatest effect to the crosswind condition. The vertical stabilizer and all part of the aircraft behind the main wheel will be pushed by the air, hence the nose will move into the wind (weathervaning). So, on a right crosswind, the aircraft will turn to the right. The right rudder application would make the aircraft veered more to the right.
Misinterpretation of the pilot to the effect of crosswind might have led to incorrect recovery action.
...
The FDR recorded that after touchdown, initially left rudder was applied and able to manage the aircraft heading on runway bearing and center line, afterward the right rudder applied up to maximum and the aircraft turned to the right.
Metars:
WAAA 281000Z VRB02KT 6000 -RA SCT018 24/24 Q1009 RETS
WAAA 280930Z 07004KT 030V100 6000 -TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 24/24 Q1009
WAAA 280915Z 05005G23KT 290V090 4000 TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 24/24 Q1009
WAAA 280900Z VRB02KT 4000 RA SCT018 24/23 Q1008 RETS
WAAA 280830Z 07012G22KT 040V100 0800 +TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 24/23 Q1008
WAAA 280826Z 07012G22KT 040V100 0800 +TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 24/23 Q1008
WAAA 280817Z 07016G28KT 040V100 2000 TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 25/24 Q1008
WAAA 280813Z 08015G28KT 040V130 3000 -TSRA FEW017CB SCT018 25/24 Q1008
WAAA 280806Z 12011G22KT 050V220 3000 TS FEW017CB SCT018 27/24 Q 1008
WAAA 280800Z 24007KT 210V290 5000 TS FEW018CB SCT019 32/25 Q100 8
WAAA 280800Z 24007KT 210V290 5000 TS FEW018CB SCT019 32/25 Q1008
WAAA 280754Z 24007KT 220V290 5000 TS FEW018CB SCT019 32/25 Q100 8
WAAA 280730Z 27008G20KT 210V300 9999 SCT019 32/25 Q1007
WAAA 280700Z 25008KT 210V290 9999 SCT019 32/25 Q1007
WAAA 280630Z VRB06KT 9999 SCT019 32/25 Q1008
WAAA 280600Z 29006KT 220V320 9999 SCT019 32/27 Q1008
WAAA 280530Z 27004KT 210V320 9999 FEW019 33/23 Q1008
WAAA 280500Z VRB03KT 9999 FEW019 32/24 Q1009
Incident Facts
Date of incident
Mar 28, 2014
Classification
Incident
Cause
Runway excursion
Airline
Wings Air
Flight number
IW-1205
Departure
Pomala, Indonesia
Destination
Makassar/Ujung Pandang, Indonesia
Aircraft Registration
PK-WFR
Aircraft Type
ATR ATR-72-200
ICAO Type Designator
AT72
Airport ICAO Code
WAAA
This article is published under license from Avherald.com. © of text by Avherald.com.
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