Biman DH8D at Yangon on May 8th 2019, runway excursion

Last Update: February 12, 2020 / 21:12:19 GMT/Zulu time

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Incident Facts

Date of incident
May 8, 2019

Classification
Accident

Cause
Runway excursion

Airline
Biman Bangladesh Airlines

Flight number
BG-60

Departure
Dhaka, Bangladesh

Destination
Yangon, Myanmar

Aircraft Registration
S2-AGQ

Aircraft Type
De Havilland Dash 8 (400)

ICAO Type Designator
DH8D

A Biman Bangladesh de Havilland Dash 8-400, registration S2-AGQ performing flight BG-60 from Dhaka (Bangladesh) to Yangon (Myanmar) with 28 passengers and 6 crew, landed on Yangon's runway 21 at about 18:50L (12:20Z) but veered right off the runway and came to a stop on soft ground with all gear collapsed and the fuselage broken into three sections. All 33 occupants received injuries, 19 of them were taken to hospitals with non-life threatening injuries.

The airport was closed for about 2:30 hours as result of the accident, then resumed operations, the first operation after the accident, a landing on runway 21, took place at 14:52Z. The last landing prior to the accident happened on runway 21 at 12:17Z.

The airline confirmed 29 passengers, two pilots and two cabin crew on board of the aircraft.

The Bangladeshi Ambassador to Myanmar reported from the hospital that 19 people were hospitalized, none of those with life-threatening injuries.

On Sep 2nd 2019 the Australian ATSB reported they assisted the Myanmar Accident Investigation by reading out CVR and FDR of the accident aircraft as well as replaying the CVR and review of the FDR data. The occurrence was rated a collision with terrain. The ATSB wrote: "The aircraft collided with Runway 21 at Yangon-Mingaladon Airport, Myanmar during the landing phase. The aircraft was destroyed and twenty occupants were reportedly injured." The tasks by the ATSB are completed.

On Feb 12th 2020 Myanmar's AIB released their final report concluding the probable cause of the accident was:

While the aircraft was unstablized on approach, the pilot did not execute a go-around.

The AIB reported the aircraft performed an approach torunway 21 using a combination of localizer and RNP approach, the glideslope was out of service. Descending through 450 feet AGL the airspeed dropped to 131 KIAS (target speed 135 KIAS), the power levers were advanced. When the crew established visual contact with the runway the captain (51, ATPL, 9,646 hours total, 1,474 hours on type), pilot monitoring, saw one red and three white PAPI lights (two red two white would have been on glide). The aircraft began to accelerate reaching 144 KIAS at 75 feet AGL. Descending through 25 feet AGL the airspeed was 154 KIAS, the first officer (25, CPL, 580 hours total, 405 hours on type), pilot flying, applied 21lbs of nose up inputs, the captain 27lbs of nose down inputs. 20 seconds after descending through 50 feet AGL the aircraft touched down 1828 meters/6000 feet down the runway, the landing gear indicated compressed for 0.5 seconds, uncompressed again for about 4 seconds, 0.75 seconds compressed, uncompressed for a second and once again compressed for 0.25 seconds, 10 lbs of nose down force was applied on the control column, the elevator position was -2.7 degrees (nose up). About 5 seconds after initial touchdown the captain takes control of the aircraft, as result the force on the control column reduces to 0 lbs for about 4 seconds, the brakes pressure increases, the elevator position moved from -2.6 to -3.7 degrees and the aircraft began to pitch up and the radar altimeter began to increae. 3 seconds after the control force was relinquished the power levers were reduced, the pitch reaches 8 degrees nose up, 4lbs nose down input are applied, at a height of 44 feet AGL the propellers are commanded into beta range, the pitch drops to 3 degrees nose down and the aircraft impacts the runway. The aircraft skidded past the end and to the right of the runway.

4 crew and 8 passengers received serious injuries, 1 crew and 13 passengers received minor injuries, 1 crew and 13 passegers remained uninjured. The aircraft was destroyed.

The AIB commented in the findings that during the final approach the captain reminded the first officer 6 times to "go down".

The AIB also pointed out in the findings: "The pilot put the propellers in beta range and reduced power lever angle (PLA) to 18 degrees and aircraft pitch change recorded from +3 to -3 degrees and collided with the surface of the runway 03. The activation of beta range would reduce the lift production of the wing significantly, and cause a nose down pitching moment that culminated in a collision with the runway surface."

The AIB pointed out speed deviations of up to 20 knots below 500 feet AGL and analysed: "A go-around should be performed if visual references are insufficient or the airplane is not stable at 500ft above aerodrome level or below."

Metars:
VYYY 081430Z 25004KT 6000 -TSRA BKN015 FEW018CB OVC100 27/26 Q1005=
VYYY 081400Z 30004KT 5000 -TSRA BKN015 FEW018CB OVC100 27/26 Q1005=
VYYY 081330Z 30004KT 5000 -TSRA BKN015 FEW018CB OVC100 27/26 Q1005=
VYYY 081300Z 21007KT 5000 -TSRA BKN012 FEW016CB OVC100 30/27 Q1004=
VYYY 081230Z 03008KT 4000 TSRA BKN012 FEW016CB OVC100 30/27 Q1004=
VYYY 081200Z VRB10G20KT 3000 +TSRA BKN010 FEW015CB OVC080 30/27 Q1003=
VYYY 081130Z 15005G15KT 6000 -TSRA BKN018 FEW020CB BKN100 35/24 Q1002=
VYYY 081100Z 24007KT 7000 SCT018 FEW020TCU BKN100 35/24 Q1001=
VYYY 081030Z 25004KT 7000 SCT018 FEW020TCU BKN100 35/24 Q1001=
VYYY 081000Z 26005KT 7000 SCT018 FEW020TCU BKN100 37/25 Q1001=
VYYY 080930Z 26005KT 7000 SCT018 FEW020TCU BKN100 37/25 Q1001=
VYYY 080830Z 26005KT 7000 SCT018 FEW020TCU SCT100 38/24 Q1001=